唐诗是我国文学史上的艺术瑰宝,常言道“诗以言志”,我们一提到诗,脑海中必然想到的就是唐诗,随口背诵出来的诗作,也大多数是唐诗。唐诗,代表着我国古代诗歌最巅峰的成就。
在清代名臣曹寅(曹雪芹祖父)奉旨刊刻的《全唐诗》里,“得诗四万八千九百余首,凡二千二百余人”,唐诗在我国经过漫长岁月的洗礼,流传至今仍是家喻户晓。
唐代是一个“诗的朝代”,上至王公贵族,下至平民百姓,都喜欢吟诗作诗,春风得意的人想要作诗,仕途坎坷的人想要作诗,登临怀古的人也要作诗,人际交往时也要作诗,可以说,诗就是人们的一种表达工具,也是一种生活方式,
千百年来,唐诗的影响不仅仅在国内,它还直接影响到我国的近邻日本,比如日本第一部长篇小说《源氏物语》就曾多次引用唐代大诗人白居易的诗歌,以及元稹、刘禹锡等诗人的诗句。
但受限于我国封建王朝的闭关锁国,如此优秀灿烂的唐诗,其实在全世界范围内并不是很出彩,这一现象,直到二十世纪,美国著名诗人庞德,曾经翻译了一首“诗仙”李白的五言情诗——《长干行》后,在国外流传很广,唐诗才开始在世界上流行。
《长干行·其一》 李白
妾发初覆额,折花门前剧。
郎骑竹马来,绕床弄青梅。
同居长干里,两小无嫌猜,
十四为君妇,羞颜未尝开。
低头向暗壁,千唤不一回。
十五始展眉,愿同尘与灰。
常存抱柱信,岂上望夫台。
十六君远行,瞿塘滟滪堆。
五月不可触,猿声天上哀。
门前迟行迹,一一生绿苔。
苔深不能扫,落叶秋风早。
八月胡蝶来,双飞西园草。
感此伤妾心,坐愁红颜老。
早晚下三巴,预将书报家。
相迎不道远,直至长风沙。
李白的这首五言情诗,描绘了一个商妇的爱情和离别,展现了一幅幅鲜明生动的画面,塑造出了一个对理想生活执着追求和热切向往的商贾思妇的艺术形象。
这首诗歌形象地描写了男女儿童天真无邪的游戏动作,活泼可爱。“青梅竹马”、“两小无猜”这两个形容自幼亲密玩耍且陪伴长大的青年男女的成语就是出自这首诗。
埃兹拉·庞德(Ezra Pound,1885年1—1972年),美国诗人和文学评论家,意象派诗歌运动的重要代表人物 。他从中国古典诗歌、日本俳句中生发出“诗歌意象”的理论,为东西方诗歌的互相借鉴做出了卓越贡献。
庞德翻译的《长干行·其一》英文诗歌如下:
The River Merchant's Wife:A Letter
by Ezra Pound
While my hair was still cut straight across my forehead,
I played about the front gate, pulling flowers.
You came by on bamboo stilts, playing horse,
You walked about my seat, playing with blue plums.
And we went on living in the village of Chokan:
Two small people, without dislike or suspicion.
At fourteen I married my Lord you.
I never laughed, being bashful.
Lowering my head, I looked at the wall.
Called to, a thousand times, I never looked back.
At fifteen I stopped scowling,
I desired my dust to be mingled with yours
For ever and for ever and for ever.
Why should I climb the look out?
At sixteen you departed,
You went into far Ku-to-yen, by the river of swirling eddies,
And you have been gone five months.
The monkeys make sorrowful noises overhead.
You dragged your feet when you went out.
By the gate now, the moss is grown, the different mosses,
Too deep to clear them away!
The leaves fall early this autumn, in wind.
The paired butterflies are already yellow with August
Over the grass in the west garden;
They hurt me. I grow older.
If you are coming down through the narrows of the river Kiang,
Please let me know beforehand,
And I will come out to meet you
As far as Cho-fu-sa.
当然,由于语言的差异和文化的欠缺,庞德翻译的这首诗和我们大诗人李白的情诗意境还相去甚远,比如“郎骑竹马来,绕床弄青梅”这两句,是形容男孩与女孩在小时候的游乐玩耍,其中,男孩跨着竹竿当马骑的形象在我国古代,是人人从小玩耍的童趣之一,即使在现代戏曲里,仍有保留,但庞德并没有理解,如果这一句翻译成下面的内容可能会更好:
I pulled a bunch of flowers,playing around the front gate.
You mounted a bamboo stilt as a horse,riding towards me.
庞德的翻译虽然仍有一点不足之处,但作为唐诗的翻译已经是很了不起了,而正是这首诗的成功翻译,并在世界范围内流传,使我国的唐诗以及其他优秀诗歌登上世界诗坛,让更多的外国人了解唐诗、宋词,并深深喜爱上了我国古典诗词文化。
发表评论 评论 (3 个评论)